225 lines
5.0 KiB
Markdown
225 lines
5.0 KiB
Markdown
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# 02-Python开发环境
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python golang
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java php ruby
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c c++
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python php bash 脚本语言 解释型语言
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## 一、Python安装
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现在Centos8已经取消Python2.7,默认自带Python3.6和Python3.8
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windows环境安装了python3.9
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打开python3.9的解释器
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## 二、pip用法
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Centos8里面必须使用pip3命令，直接使用pip不可用
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pip是Python 包管理器
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管理的是python第三方包
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Python 的库
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1.标准库
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目录/usr/lib64/python3.6 内除了site-packages其他的库都是内置标准库
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2.第三方库
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存放目录： /usr/lib64/python3.6/site-packages
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第三方库由pip管理：
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```bash
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# pip3 install 包名字
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# pip3 install requests
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# pip3 install pillow
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# pip3 install flask
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# pip3 install django==版本号
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# pip3 uninstall 包名字
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# pip3 list 查看安装的第三方包
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```
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跨平台移动python环境的时候使用freeze收集已经安装好的模块安装到其他系统内
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```bash
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# pip3 freeze > requirements.txt 将第三方的包输出到一个文件中，文件名:requirements.txt
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# pip3 install -r requirements.txt 将requirements.txt文件中的所有的第三方包一次性安装
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```
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下载 pypi.org
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解压
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cd
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python setup.py install
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php扩展包 pecl.php.net
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php mysql redis
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## 三、使用ipython
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```bash
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python2.7
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# yum install -y epel-release
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# yum search pip
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# yum install python-ipython
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python3
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# yum install python3
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# yum install python3-pip
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# pip3 install ipython
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```
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```bash
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# pip3 install ipython
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```
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2版本的ipython自带tab补全，但是3版本取消掉了，解决方法如下
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```bash
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# pip3 install jedi==0.17.2
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```
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## 四、IDE集成开发环境
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常用Python IDE环境：
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pycharm
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vscode
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**vscode基本使用**
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### 1、下载安装
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官方网站下载，按官方提示安装即可
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### 2、安装插件
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打开商店，安装中文简体插件
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安装文档图标
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### 3、基本设置
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打开配置文件方式
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添加如下内容到 `settings.json` 配置文件中,并按下 `Control + s` 保存**
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```json
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{
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"editor.fontSize": 30,
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"debug.console.fontSize": 30,
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"markdown.preview.fontSize": 26,
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"terminal.integrated.fontSize": 30,
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// 编辑的文件 每 1 秒自动保存一次
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"files.autoSave": "afterDelay"
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}
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```
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在打开文件夹创建python文件的时候会提示安装python扩展，跟随提示安装即可
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### 4、配置默认 python 解释器
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> vscode 默认选择的python 解释器是 python2.7 ，我们需要的是 python3
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接下来会提示安装用于 python 语法检测的插件 `pylint`
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### 5、安装 Code Runner
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当重复执行文件的时，之前的输出在终端中不能清除，这可能会影响观看。使用 `code runner` 插件可以解决
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1. 安装 Code Runner
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2. 配置 Run Code
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再次打开配置文件 `settings.json` 文件添加如下内容，并按下 `Control + s` 保存
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```json
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"code-runner.clearPreviousOutput": true,
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"code-runner.runInTerminal": true,
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// 每次运行文件之前，保存当前文件
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"code-runner.saveFileBeforeRun": true,
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// 默认的语言
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"code-runner.defaultLanguage": "python",
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// 每次运行文件前 保存所有的文件
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"code-runner.saveAllFilesBeforeRun": true,
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// 设置 phthon3 解释器路径
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"code-runner.executorMap": {
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"python": "/usr/local/bin/python3.8"
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}
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```
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最终的配置文件
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```json
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{
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"workbench.iconTheme": "vscode-icons",
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"editor.fontSize": 30,
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"debug.console.fontSize": 30,
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"markdown.preview.fontSize": 26,
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"terminal.integrated.fontSize": 30,
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// 编辑的文件 每 1 秒自动保存一次
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"files.autoSave": "afterDelay",
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"code-runner.clearPreviousOutput": true,
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"code-runner.runInTerminal": true,
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"code-runner.saveFileBeforeRun": true,
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"code-runner.defaultLanguage": "python",
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"code-runner.saveAllFilesBeforeRun": true,
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// set python path
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"code-runner.executorMap": {
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"python": "/usr/bin/python3.8"
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}
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}
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```
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## 五、pycharm
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### 1.过期刷新插件（可能不能用了）
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添加插件仓库地址https://plugins.zhile.io，然后搜索插件IDE Evarl Reset
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2.汉化插件
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插件页面搜索chinese
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