225 lines
5.0 KiB
Markdown
225 lines
5.0 KiB
Markdown
# 02-Python开发环境
|
||
|
||
python golang
|
||
|
||
java php ruby
|
||
|
||
c c++
|
||
|
||
python php bash 脚本语言 解释型语言
|
||
|
||
## 一、Python安装
|
||
|
||
现在Centos8已经取消Python2.7,默认自带Python3.6和Python3.8
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
windows环境安装了python3.9
|
||
|
||
打开python3.9的解释器
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
## 二、pip用法
|
||
|
||
Centos8里面必须使用pip3命令,直接使用pip不可用
|
||
|
||
pip是Python 包管理器
|
||
管理的是python第三方包
|
||
|
||
Python 的库
|
||
1.标准库
|
||
目录/usr/lib64/python3.6 内除了site-packages其他的库都是内置标准库
|
||
2.第三方库
|
||
存放目录: /usr/lib64/python3.6/site-packages
|
||
|
||
第三方库由pip管理:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# pip3 install 包名字
|
||
# pip3 install requests
|
||
# pip3 install pillow
|
||
# pip3 install flask
|
||
# pip3 install django==版本号
|
||
# pip3 uninstall 包名字
|
||
# pip3 list 查看安装的第三方包
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
跨平台移动python环境的时候使用freeze收集已经安装好的模块安装到其他系统内
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# pip3 freeze > requirements.txt 将第三方的包输出到一个文件中,文件名:requirements.txt
|
||
# pip3 install -r requirements.txt 将requirements.txt文件中的所有的第三方包一次性安装
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
下载 pypi.org
|
||
|
||
解压
|
||
|
||
cd
|
||
|
||
python setup.py install
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
php扩展包 pecl.php.net
|
||
|
||
php mysql redis
|
||
|
||
## 三、使用ipython
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
python2.7
|
||
# yum install -y epel-release
|
||
# yum search pip
|
||
# yum install python-ipython
|
||
|
||
python3
|
||
# yum install python3
|
||
# yum install python3-pip
|
||
# pip3 install ipython
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# pip3 install ipython
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2版本的ipython自带tab补全,但是3版本取消掉了,解决方法如下
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# pip3 install jedi==0.17.2
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
## 四、IDE集成开发环境
|
||
|
||
常用Python IDE环境:
|
||
|
||
pycharm
|
||
|
||
vscode
|
||
|
||
**vscode基本使用**
|
||
|
||
### 1、下载安装
|
||
|
||
官方网站下载,按官方提示安装即可
|
||
|
||

|
||
|
||

|
||
|
||
### 2、安装插件
|
||
|
||
打开商店,安装中文简体插件
|
||
|
||

|
||
|
||
安装文档图标
|
||
|
||

|
||
|
||
### 3、基本设置
|
||
|
||

|
||
|
||
打开配置文件方式
|
||
|
||

|
||
|
||
添加如下内容到 `settings.json` 配置文件中,并按下 `Control + s` 保存**
|
||
|
||
```json
|
||
{
|
||
"editor.fontSize": 30,
|
||
"debug.console.fontSize": 30,
|
||
"markdown.preview.fontSize": 26,
|
||
"terminal.integrated.fontSize": 30,
|
||
// 编辑的文件 每 1 秒自动保存一次
|
||
"files.autoSave": "afterDelay"
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
在打开文件夹创建python文件的时候会提示安装python扩展,跟随提示安装即可
|
||
|
||

|
||
|
||
### 4、配置默认 python 解释器
|
||
|
||
> vscode 默认选择的python 解释器是 python2.7 ,我们需要的是 python3
|
||
|
||

|
||
|
||
接下来会提示安装用于 python 语法检测的插件 `pylint`
|
||
|
||
### 5、安装 Code Runner
|
||
|
||
当重复执行文件的时,之前的输出在终端中不能清除,这可能会影响观看。使用 `code runner` 插件可以解决
|
||
|
||
1. 安装 Code Runner
|
||
|
||

|
||
|
||
2. 配置 Run Code
|
||
|
||
再次打开配置文件 `settings.json` 文件添加如下内容,并按下 `Control + s` 保存
|
||
|
||
```json
|
||
"code-runner.clearPreviousOutput": true,
|
||
"code-runner.runInTerminal": true,
|
||
// 每次运行文件之前,保存当前文件
|
||
"code-runner.saveFileBeforeRun": true,
|
||
// 默认的语言
|
||
"code-runner.defaultLanguage": "python",
|
||
// 每次运行文件前 保存所有的文件
|
||
"code-runner.saveAllFilesBeforeRun": true,
|
||
// 设置 phthon3 解释器路径
|
||
"code-runner.executorMap": {
|
||
"python": "/usr/local/bin/python3.8"
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
最终的配置文件
|
||
|
||
```json
|
||
{
|
||
"workbench.iconTheme": "vscode-icons",
|
||
"editor.fontSize": 30,
|
||
"debug.console.fontSize": 30,
|
||
"markdown.preview.fontSize": 26,
|
||
"terminal.integrated.fontSize": 30,
|
||
// 编辑的文件 每 1 秒自动保存一次
|
||
"files.autoSave": "afterDelay",
|
||
"code-runner.clearPreviousOutput": true,
|
||
"code-runner.runInTerminal": true,
|
||
"code-runner.saveFileBeforeRun": true,
|
||
"code-runner.defaultLanguage": "python",
|
||
"code-runner.saveAllFilesBeforeRun": true,
|
||
// set python path
|
||
"code-runner.executorMap": {
|
||
"python": "/usr/bin/python3.8"
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 五、pycharm
|
||
|
||
### 1.过期刷新插件(可能不能用了)
|
||
|
||
添加插件仓库地址https://plugins.zhile.io,然后搜索插件IDE Evarl Reset
|
||
|
||

|
||
|
||

|
||
|
||
2.汉化插件
|
||
|
||
插件页面搜索chinese
|